Comments 1.1
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. By the heaven some understand the supreme heaven, the heaven of heavens, the habitation of God, and of the holy angels; and this being made perfect at once, no mention is after made of it, as of the earth; and it is supposed that the angels were at this time created, since they were present at the laying of the foundation of. Air Cluster Pro 1.1.0 was available as a giveaway on February 21, 2020! Download trial Air Cluster Pro 1.1.0. Today Giveaway of the Day. Please add a comment explaining the reason behind your vote. Notify me of replies from other users. Comments on REGDOC-1.1.1 Licence to Prepare Site and Site Evaluation for New Reactor Facilities. November 14, 2016 Please accept the Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA) and Greenpeace’s comments on the REGDOC-1.1.1, Licence to Prepare Site and Site Evaluation for New Reactor Facilities.
- (1-2) John begins with the center of relationship: Jesus Christ. That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life—the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare to you that eternal life which.
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This document has been superseded. In 2014, RFC2616 was replaced by multiple RFCs (7230-7237). See IETF Documents for more information.
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the 'Internet Official Protocol Standards' (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers [47]. A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation of data representation, allowing systems to be built independently of the data being transferred.
HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This specification defines the protocol referred to as 'HTTP/1.1', and is an update to RFC 2068 [33].
Table of Contents
- Introduction .. 1
- Purpose .. 1.1
- Requirements .. 1.2
- Terminology .. 1.3
- Overall Operation .. 1.4
- Notational Conventions and Generic Grammar .. 2
- Augmented BNF .. 2.1
- Basic Rules .. 2.2
- Protocol Parameters .. 3
- HTTP Version .. 3.1
- Uniform Resource Identifiers .. 3.2
- General Syntax .. 3.2.1
- http URL .. 3.2.2
- URI Comparison .. 3.2.3
- Date/Time Formats .. 3.3
- Full Date .. 3.3.1
- Delta Seconds .. 3.3.2
- Character Sets .. 3.4
- Missing Charset .. 3.4.1
- Content Codings .. 3.5
- Transfer Codings .. 3.6
- Chunked Transfer Coding .. 3.6.1
- Media Types .. 3.7
- Canonicalization and Text Defaults .. 3.7.1
- Multipart Types .. 3.7.2
- Product Tokens .. 3.8
- Quality Values .. 3.9
- Language Tags .. 3.10
- Entity Tags .. 3.11
- Range Units .. 3.12
- HTTP Message .. 4
- Message Types .. 4.1
- Message Headers .. 4.2
- Message Body .. 4.3
- Message Length .. 4.4
- General Header Fields .. 4.5
- Request .. 5
- Request-Line .. 5.1
- Method .. 5.1.1
- Request-URI .. 5.1.2
- The Resource Identified by a Request .. 5.2
- Request Header Fields .. 5.3
- Request-Line .. 5.1
- Response .. 6
- Status-Line .. 6.1
- Status Code and Reason Phrase .. 6.1.1
- Response Header Fields .. 6.2
- Status-Line .. 6.1
- Entity .. 7
- Entity Header Fields .. 7.1
- Entity Body .. 7.2
- Type .. 7.2.1
- Entity Length .. 7.2.2
- Connections .. 8
- Persistent Connections .. 8.1
- Purpose .. 8.1.1
- Overall Operation .. 8.1.2
- Proxy Servers .. 8.1.3
- Practical Considerations .. 8.1.4
- Message Transmission Requirements .. 8.2
- Persistent Connections and Flow Control .. 8.2.1
- Monitoring Connections for Error Status Messages .. 8.2.2
- Use of the 100 (Continue) Status .. 8.2.3
- Client Behavior if Server Prematurely Closes Connection .. 8.2.4
- Persistent Connections .. 8.1
- Method Definitions .. 9
- Safe and Idempotent Methods .. 9.1
- Safe Methods .. 9.1.1
- Idempotent Methods .. 9.1.2
- OPTIONS .. 9.2
- GET .. 9.3
- HEAD .. 9.4
- POST .. 9.5
- PUT .. 9.6
- DELETE .. 9.7
- TRACE .. 9.8
- CONNECT .. 9.9
- Safe and Idempotent Methods .. 9.1
- Status Code Definitions .. 10
- Informational 1xx .. 10.1
- 100 Continue .. 10.1.1
- 101 Switching Protocols .. 10.1.2
- Successful 2xx .. 10.2
- 200 OK .. 10.2.1
- 201 Created .. 10.2.2
- 202 Accepted .. 10.2.3
- 203 Non-Authoritative Information .. 10.2.4
- 204 No Content .. 10.2.5
- 205 Reset Content .. 10.2.6
- 206 Partial Content .. 10.2.7
- Redirection 3xx .. 10.3
- 300 Multiple Choices .. 10.3.1
- 301 Moved Permanently .. 10.3.2
- 302 Found .. 10.3.3
- 303 See Other .. 10.3.4
- 304 Not Modified .. 10.3.5
- 305 Use Proxy .. 10.3.6
- 306 (Unused) .. 10.3.7
- 307 Temporary Redirect .. 10.3.8
- Client Error 4xx .. 10.4
- 400 Bad Request .. 10.4.1
- 401 Unauthorized .. 10.4.2
- 402 Payment Required .. 10.4.3
- 403 Forbidden .. 10.4.4
- 404 Not Found .. 10.4.5
- 405 Method Not Allowed .. 10.4.6
- 406 Not Acceptable .. 10.4.7
- 407 Proxy Authentication Required .. 10.4.8
- 408 Request Timeout .. 10.4.9
- 409 Conflict .. 10.4.10
- 410 Gone .. 10.4.11
- 411 Length Required .. 10.4.12
- 412 Precondition Failed .. 10.4.13
- 413 Request Entity Too Large .. 10.4.14
- 414 Request-URI Too Long .. 10.4.15
- 415 Unsupported Media Type .. 10.4.16
- 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable .. 10.4.17
- 417 Expectation Failed .. 10.4.18
- Server Error 5xx .. 10.5
- 500 Internal Server Error .. 10.5.1
- 501 Not Implemented .. 10.5.2
- 502 Bad Gateway .. 10.5.3
- 503 Service Unavailable .. 10.5.4
- 504 Gateway Timeout .. 10.5.5
- 505 HTTP Version Not Supported .. 10.5.6
- Informational 1xx .. 10.1
- Access Authentication .. 11
- Content Negotiation .. 12
- Server-driven Negotiation .. 12.1
- Agent-driven Negotiation .. 12.2
- Transparent Negotiation .. 12.3
- Caching in HTTP .. 13
- @@ missing
- Cache Correctness .. 13.1.1
- Warnings .. 13.1.2
- Cache-control Mechanisms .. 13.1.3
- Explicit User Agent Warnings .. 13.1.4
- Exceptions to the Rules and Warnings .. 13.1.5
- Client-controlled Behavior .. 13.1.6
- Expiration Model .. 13.2
- Server-Specified Expiration .. 13.2.1
- Heuristic Expiration .. 13.2.2
- Age Calculations .. 13.2.3
- Expiration Calculations .. 13.2.4
- Disambiguating Expiration Values .. 13.2.5
- Disambiguating Multiple Responses .. 13.2.6
- Validation Model .. 13.3
- Last-Modified Dates .. 13.3.1
- Entity Tag Cache Validators .. 13.3.2
- Weak and Strong Validators .. 13.3.3
- Rules for When to Use Entity Tags and Last-Modified Dates .. 13.3.4
- Non-validating Conditionals .. 13.3.5
- Response Cacheability .. 13.4
- Constructing Responses From Caches .. 13.5
- End-to-end and Hop-by-hop Headers .. 13.5.1
- Non-modifiable Headers .. 13.5.2
- Combining Headers .. 13.5.3
- Combining Byte Ranges .. 13.5.4
- Caching Negotiated Responses .. 13.6
- Shared and Non-Shared Caches .. 13.7
- Errors or Incomplete Response Cache Behavior .. 13.8
- Side Effects of GET and HEAD .. 13.9
- Invalidation After Updates or Deletions .. 13.10
- Write-Through Mandatory .. 13.11
- Cache Replacement .. 13.12
- History Lists .. 13.13
- @@ missing
- Header Field Definitions .. 14
- Accept .. 14.1
- Accept-Charset .. 14.2
- Accept-Encoding .. 14.3
- Accept-Language .. 14.4
- Accept-Ranges .. 14.5
- Age .. 14.6
- Allow .. 14.7
- Authorization .. 14.8
- Cache-Control .. 14.9
- What is Cacheable .. 14.9.1
- What May be Stored by Caches .. 14.9.2
- Modifications of the Basic Expiration Mechanism .. 14.9.3
- Cache Revalidation and Reload Controls .. 14.9.4
- No-Transform Directive .. 14.9.5
- Cache Control Extensions .. 14.9.6
- Connection .. 14.10
- Content-Encoding .. 14.11
- Content-Language .. 14.12
- Content-Length .. 14.13
- Content-Location .. 14.14
- Content-MD5 .. 14.15
- Content-Range .. 14.16
- Content-Type .. 14.17
- Date .. 14.18
- Clockless Origin Server Operation .. 14.18.1
- ETag .. 14.19
- Expect .. 14.20
- Expires .. 14.21
- From .. 14.22
- Host .. 14.23
- If-Match .. 14.24
- If-Modified-Since .. 14.25
- If-None-Match .. 14.26
- If-Range .. 14.27
- If-Unmodified-Since .. 14.28
- Last-Modified .. 14.29
- Location .. 14.30
- Max-Forwards .. 14.31
- Pragma .. 14.32
- Proxy-Authenticate .. 14.33
- Proxy-Authorization .. 14.34
- Range .. 14.35
- Byte Ranges .. 14.35.1
- Range Retrieval Requests .. 14.35.2
- Referer .. 14.36
- Retry-After .. 14.37
- Server .. 14.38
- TE .. 14.39
- Trailer .. 14.40
- Transfer-Encoding .. 14.41
- Upgrade .. 14.42
- User-Agent .. 14.43
- Vary .. 14.44
- Via .. 14.45
- Warning .. 14.46
- WWW-Authenticate .. 14.47
- Security Considerations .. 15
- Personal Information .. 15.1
- Abuse of Server Log Information .. 15.1.1
- Transfer of Sensitive Information .. 15.1.2
- Encoding Sensitive Information in URI's .. 15.1.3
- Privacy Issues Connected to Accept Headers .. 15.1.4
- Attacks Based On File and Path Names .. 15.2
- DNS Spoofing .. 15.3
- Location Headers and Spoofing .. 15.4
- Content-Disposition Issues .. 15.5
- Authentication Credentials and Idle Clients .. 15.6
- Proxies and Caching .. 15.7
- Denial of Service Attacks on Proxies .. 15.7.1
- Personal Information .. 15.1
- Acknowledgments .. 16
- References .. 17
- Authors' Addresses .. 18
- Appendices .. 19
- Internet Media Type message/http and application/http .. 19.1
- Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges .. 19.2
- Tolerant Applications .. 19.3
- Differences Between HTTP Entities and RFC 2045 Entities .. 19.4
- MIME-Version .. 19.4.1
- Conversion to Canonical Form .. 19.4.2
- Conversion of Date Formats .. 19.4.3
- Introduction of Content-Encoding .. 19.4.4
- No Content-Transfer-Encoding .. 19.4.5
- Introduction of Transfer-Encoding .. 19.4.6
- MHTML and Line Length Limitations .. 19.4.7
- Additional Features .. 19.5
- Content-Disposition .. 19.5.1
- Compatibility with Previous Versions .. 19.6
- Changes from HTTP/1 .. 19.6.1
- Compatibility with HTTP/1 .. 19.6.2
- Changes from RFC 2068 .. 19.6.3
- Index .. 20
- Full Copyright Statement .. 21
using rfc2html Revision: 1.8 Date: 2004/09/01 13:21:38 by Dan Connolly(1-4) Habakkuk complains of the apparent triumph of wickedness among his countrymen.
(1) The prophet.—This title (han-nâbî) is applied only to Habakkuk, Haggai, and Zechariah. In the later historical books it is used to designate the members of those prophetical colleges which were founded by Samuel, and kept up, at all events, till the time of Elisha. It is uncertain whether in these three minor prophets it has a similar force, or merely, as in the Pentateuch, indicates a chosen minister whom God inspires to reveal His will. On the term burden, or sentence, see Isaiah 13:1.
Habakkuk 1:1. The burden — The grievous calamities, or heavy judgments; which Habakkuk did see — That is, foresee, and was commissioned to foretel. This burden, or prophetic vision, communicated to Habakkuk, was against the Chaldeans as well as the Jews. For while the prophet was complaining of iniquity among the Jews, 1st, God foreshows him the desolations which the Chaldeans would make in Judea and the neighbouring countries, as the ministers of divine vengeance: and, 2d, Upon the prophet’s falling into an expostulation with God about these proceedings, moved thereto probably by his compassion for his own people, God shows him the judgments which he would execute upon the Chaldeans.1:1-11 The servants of the Lord are deeply afflicted by seeing ungodliness and violence prevail; especially among those who profess the truth. No man scrupled doing wrong to his neighbour. We should long to remove to the world where holiness and love reign for ever, and no violence shall be before us. God has good reasons for his long-suffering towards bad men, and the rebukes of good men. The day will come when the cry of sin will be heard against those that do wrong, and the cry of prayer for those that suffer wrong. They were to notice what was going forward among the heathen by the Chaldeans, and to consider themselves a nation to be scourged by them. But most men presume on continued prosperity, or that calamities will not come in their days. They are a bitter and hasty nation, fierce, cruel, and bearing down all before them. They shall overcome all that oppose them. But it is a great offence, and the common offence of proud people, to take glory to themselves. The closing words give a glimpse of comfort.The burden - On the word 'burden' see the note at Nahum 1:1.Which Habakkuk the prophet did see - The prophet's name signifies 'strong embrace.' The word in its intensive form is used both of God's enfolding the soul within His tender supporting love , and of man clinging and holding fast to divine wisdom Proverbs 4:8. It fits in with the subject of his prophecy, faith, cleaving fast to God amid the perplexities of things seen. Dion.: 'He who is spiritually Habakkuk, cleaving fast to God with the arms of love, or enfolding Him after the manner of one holily wrestling, until he is blessed, enlightened, and heard by Him, is the seer here.' 'Let him who would in such wise fervidly embrace God and plead with Him as a friend, praying earnestly for the deliverance and consolation of himself and others, but who sees not as yet, that his prayer is heard, make the same holy plaint, and appeal to the clemency of the Creator.' (Jer. Abarbanel has the like: 'He strengthens himself in pleading his cause with God as to the prosperity of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were joined with God for the cause of his people' Preface to Ezekiel). 'He is called 'embrace' either because of his love to the Lord; or because he engages in a contest and strife and (so to speak) wrestling with God.' For no one with words so bold ventured to challenge God to a discussion of His justice and to say to Him, 'Why, in human affairs and the government of this world is there so great injustice?'
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The prophet - The title, 'the prophet,' is added only to the names of Habakkuk, Haggai, Zechariah. Habakkuk may have added it to his name instead because he prominently expostulates with God, like the Psalmists, and does not speak in the name of God to the people. The title asserts that he exercised the pastoral office of the prophets, although not directly in this prophecy.
Did see - Cyril: 'God multiplied visons, as is written Hosea 12:10, and Himself spoke to the prophets, disclosing to them beforehand what should be, and all but exhibiting them to sight, as if already present. But that they determined not to speak from their own, but rather transmit to us the words from God, he persuades us at the outset, naming himself a prophet, and showing himself full of the grace belonging thereto.'
THE BOOK OF HABAKKUK Commentary by A. R. FaussettINTRODUCTION
Habakkuk, from a Hebrew root meaning to 'embrace,' denoting a 'favorite' (namely, of God) and a 'struggler' (for his country's good). Some ancient authors represent him as belonging to the tribe of Levi; others [Pseudo Epiphanius], to that of Simeon. The inscription to Bel and the dragon in the Septuagint asserts the former; and Hab 3:19 perhaps favors this. Eusebius [Ecclesiastical History, 7.29] states that in his time Habakkuk's tomb was shown at Celia in Palestine.
The time seems to have been about 610 B.C. For the Chaldeans attacked Jerusalem in the ninth month of the fifth year of Jehoiakim, 605 B.C. (2Ki 24:1; 2Ch 36:6; Jer 46:2; 36:9). And Habakkuk (Hab 1:5, 6, &c.) speaks of the Chaldeans as about to invade Judah, but not as having actually done so. In the second chapter he proceeds to comfort his people by foretelling the humiliation of their conquerors, and that the vision will soon have its fulfilment. In the third chapter the prophet in a sublime ode celebrates the deliverances wrought by Jehovah for His people in times past, as the ground of assurance, notwithstanding all their existing calamities, that He will deliver them again. Hab 3:16 shows that the invader is still coming, and not yet arrived; so that the whole refers to the invasion in Jehoiakim's times, not those under Jehoiachin and Zedekiah. The Apocryphal appendix to Daniel states that he lived to see the Babylonian exile (588 B.C.), which accords with his prophesying early in Jehoiakim's reign, about 610 B.C.
The position of the book immediately after Nahum is appropriate; as Nahum treated of the judgments of the Lord on Assyria, for its violence against Israel, so Habakkuk, those inflicted by, and on, the Chaldeans for the same reason.
Rule 1.16 Comments
The style is poetical and sublime. The parallelisms are generally regular. Borrowed ideas occur (compare Hab 3:19, with Ps 18:33; Hab 2:6, with Isa 14:4; Hab 2:14, with Isa 11:9).
The ancient catalogues imply that his book is part of the canon of Scripture. In the New Testament, Ro 1:17 quotes Hab 2:4 (though not naming him); compare also Ga 3:11; Heb 10:38. Ac 13:40, 41 quotes Hab 1:5. One or two Hebrew words peculiar to Habakkuk occur (Hab 1:9; 2:6, 16).
CHAPTER 1
Hab 1:1-17. Habakkuk's Expostulation with Jehovah on Account of the Prevalence of Injustice: Jehovah Summons Attention to His Purpose of Sending the Chaldeans as the Avengers. The Prophet Complains, that These Are Worse than Those on Whom Vengeance Was to Be Taken.
1. burden—the prophetic sentence.Unto Habakkuk, complaining of the iniquity of the land, Hab 1:14, showed the fearful vengeance by the Chaldeans, Hab 1:5-11. He complaineth that vengeance should be executed by them who are far worse, Hab 1:12-17.
The burden; see Nah 1:1; to which we may here add, as proper to this time and place, that the prophet seems to speak of the grievous things here intended as a burden to himself, a trouble he did feel and groan under.
Habakkuk: here we might, as others, guess at his country, parentage, and tribe; but no certainty appears in these: his name may perhaps intimate somewhat, either actively one that embraceth, or passively one embraced, and so may refer to God, or to his people, and intimate good to a people, whom God will ere long embrace; or it may speak one that is puzzled with the intricacy of affairs, and therefore expostulateth, as Hab 1:2,3.
The prophet; not he that is mentioned in the apocryphal book, but a prophet called and sent of God.
Did see; not only in the future certainty of it on others, but did also feel in the present trouble and perplexity wherewith it affected him.
Commands 1.14.4
The Argument - The Prophet complains to God, considering the great felicity of the wicked, and the miserable oppression of the godly, who endure all types of affliction and cruelty, and yet can see no end. Therefore he had this revelation shown to him by God, that the Chaldeans would come and take them away as captives, so that they could look for no end of their troubles as yet, because of their stubbornness and rebellion against the Lord. And lest the godly should despair, seeing this horrible confusion, he comforts them by this, that God will punish the Chaldeans their enemies, when their pride and cruelty will be at height. And for this reason he exhorts the faithful to patience by his own example, and shows them a form of prayer, with which they should comfort themselves.